This glossary includes most relevant terms used in this handbook. First version of the glossary was created during the development of the ‘Wildlife and Traffic’ handbook (Action COST 341) and it has been expanded with contributions from partners of the project Horizon 2020 ‘BISON’. Terms definitions are provided by legal texts, reference documents or by agreement between experts from both ecology and infrastructure. The organisations IENE, PIARC, UIC, and ISO have also assisted and will contribute in future updates.
Last update: October 2023 – How to cite
There are currently 12 names in this directory beginning with the letter F.
FAIR data
Data which are Findable (metadata and data are expected to be asey to fin by a human or machine); Accessible (once the data are found, the user easily know how to access them); Interoperable (metadata is sufficiently detailed to render the data set understandable in order to be integrated with others); Reusable (metadata is rich enough to allow for multiple reutilisation of the data set for various purposes).
Fencing
A structure made of wire or other materials supported with posts that is put along linear transport infrastructure to keep animals out and eventually guide them to crossing structures. It is also installed on areas of land as a boundary to keep animals in.
Filter effect
Referred to the effect caused by the infrastructure which inhibits the movement of certain species or individuals. The scale of the effect varies between species and may even vary between sexes or age categories.
Fish passage
Modified pipe or box culvert that allows a watercourse and/or drainage to flow underneath transport infrastructure and includes adaptations to provide particular conditions that enable fish to swim through. When possible, adaptations for use by wildlife may also include dry ledges or shelves to provide passage for other terrestrial species, and which are connected to adjacent habitats.
Forestry road
(Narrow) road built mainly for forestry purposes which may or may not have public access.
Functional connectivity
A description or measure of how well genes, gametes, propagules or individuals move through land, freshwater and seascape. It is function of both the landscape structure and the behavioral response of organisms to this structure. Thus, functional connectivity is both specific to the species and the landscape where it occurs. See also 'Structural connectivity'.